OACOK, OKOCA, or OCOKA? Reframing Terrain Analysis for Cyberspace
Loading...
Authors
Fernandes, John
Master, Alexander
Issue Date
2025-07
Type
Article
Language
Keywords
Alternative Title
Abstract
We contend that the cyberspace domain has different dynamics than the land domain, which justifies a distinct framework for analyzing cyber terrain in military operations. We first provide a characterization of cyberspace as a warfighting domain that is constructed, interconnected, pervasive, dynamic, complex, and opaque. Given these unique characteristics, we identify specific items that cyber planners should consider. These items are grouped into three categories — the organizational context, the network design and functioning, and the security posture of the network — and include questions that can guide mission analysis. The article is informed by our experiences conducting both land domain and cyberspace operations, as well as our research while at the Army Cyber Institute.
Description
Citation
Fernandes, John, and Alexander Master. “OACOK, OKOCA, or OCOKA? Reframing Terrain Analysis for Cyberspace.” Gray Space: Cyber & Electromagnetic Warfare Journal (2025). https://www.lineofdeparture.army.mil/Portals/144/PDF/Journals/Gray-Space/Gray-Space-First-Edition-2025/Terrain-Analysis-UA.pdf
Publisher
Gray Space: Cyber & Electromagnetic Warfare Journal