Iatrogenic Influence in Information Operations: Lessons from the Global War on Terror
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Authors
Eerhart, Daniel
Issue Date
2025-02-18
Type
Scholarly papers
Language
Keywords
Information Operations , Psychological Operations , Influence , Information Advantage
Alternative Title
Abstract
The concept of “iatrogenic influence” highlights how information operations can unintentionally produce harmful outcomes, counteracting the influence objectives the operations sought to achieve. Case studies from the Global War on Terror, including Camp X-Ray detainee photos, soccer balls with religious symbols, and culturally insensitive leaflets, demonstrate how misaligned messaging strategies led to unintended backlash and further fueled adversary narratives. Key indicators of iatrogenic influence are identifiable during operational planning, and the included table is a reference. Some of the most common indicators include targeting broad audiences, using inconsistent delivery methods, failing to account for cultural differences, and lacking feedback mechanisms. Mitigating the risks of iatrogenic influence requires implementing culturally informed message development, narrowing audience focus, establishing real-time feedback mechanisms, and emphasizing ethical integrity to ensure that information operations are effective and culturally sensitive.
Description
Citation
Eerhart, Daniel. “Iatrogenic Influence in Information Operations: Lessons from the Global War on Terror.” February 18, 2025. Foreign Policy Research Institute. https://www.fpri.org/article/2025/02/iatrogenic-influence-in-information-operations/.
Publisher
Foreign Policy Research Institute