Goodbye Vladivostok, Hello Hǎishēnwǎi!

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In 1997, the First Opium War officially ended with the British administration and forces leaving Hong Kong. The Second Opium War is still ongoing, since the Russian Federation continues to occupy the Amur region and Outer Manchuria. This land area was extorted from China in 1860 during the Second Opium War, under threat to set Beijing ablaze...

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Kallberg, Jan. Goodbye Vladivostok, Hello Hǎishēnwǎi! Center for European Policy Analysis CEPA, 2022.

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Center for European Policy Analysis CEPA

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