Loss and Index Guiding in Single-Mode Proton-Implanted Holey Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
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Authors
Leisher, Paul O.
Danner, Aaron J.
Raftery, James J.
Siriani, Dominic F.
Choquette, Kent D.
Issue Date
2006-10
Type
journal-article
Language
Keywords
Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers , Surface emitting lasers , Etching , Semiconductor laser arrays , Optical losses , Laser modes , Apertures , Optical refraction , Optical scattering , Optical sensors
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Abstract
Wedge-shaped holes are fabricated in the top mirror of proton-implanted vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). A radially symmetric fill factor approach is used to calculate the resulting transverse index profile. To investigate both the index confinement provided by the etched pattern and its effect on optical loss, continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed experiments are performed. Under CW operation, we show proper wedge design leads to improved fundamental-mode output power, decreased threshold, and increased efficiency. We report a significant decrease in threshold under pulsed operation for the etched device compared to an unetched device, indicating a significant reduction in diffraction loss to the fundamental mode due to strong index guiding. Single-mode output is maintained over the entire operating range of the VCSEL due to increased loss for the higher order modes
Description
Citation
P. O. Leisher, A. J. Danner, J. J. Raftery, D. Siriani and K. D. Choquette, "Loss and Index Guiding in Single-Mode Proton-Implanted Holey Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers," in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 1091-1096, Oct. 2006, doi: 10.1109/JQE.2006.882031.
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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PubMed ID
ISSN
0018-9197